{"id":15045,"date":"2017-04-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-04-05T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/blog\/audio-description-lawsuits\/"},"modified":"2025-09-16T21:31:41","modified_gmt":"2025-09-16T21:31:41","slug":"audio-description-lawsuits","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/blog\/audio-description-lawsuits\/","title":{"rendered":"Audio Description Lawsuits: Netflix, Hamilton, UC Berkeley, and AMC Theatres"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-dark alignfull p-post-header has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained has-background is-style-dark--1\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);background-image:url(&#039;\/wp-content\/themes\/core\/assets\/media\/backgrounds\/hero-wave-blog.svg&#039;);background-position:50% 50%;background-size:cover;\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group aligngrid has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligngrid is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-ghost is-style-reversed is-style-ghost--2\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"\/blog\">Blog<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity aligngrid\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center aligngrid is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-008400e6 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div style=\"padding-bottom:0;padding-top:0;\" class=\"is-style-category wp-block-tribe-terms\"><ul class=\"wp-block-tribe-terms__list\"><li class=\"wp-block-tribe-terms__term\"><span class=\"wp-block-tribe-terms__link t-category\">Audio Description<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<h1 style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:0;\" class=\"alignwide wp-block-post-title\">Audio Description Lawsuits: Netflix, Hamilton, UC Berkeley, and AMC Theatres<\/h1>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9116416d wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><div class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-post-author-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/blog\/author\/elisa\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"wp-block-post-author-name__link\">Elisa Lewis<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u2022<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-post-date has-10-font-size\"><time datetime=\"2017-04-05T00:00:00+00:00\">April 5, 2017<\/time><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><figure class=\"alignfull alignfull wp-block-post-featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1400\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/.\/03-31-2017-gavel-header-image.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"border-radius:1rem;object-fit:cover;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/03-31-2017-gavel-header-image.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/03-31-2017-gavel-header-image-300x118.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/03-31-2017-gavel-header-image-1024x402.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/03-31-2017-gavel-header-image-768x302.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2>Audio Description Legal Requirements<\/h2>\n<p>In the US, audio description is required under many of the same\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/learn\/accessibility\/accessibility-laws\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">anti-discrimination laws<\/a>\u00a0that require closed captioning. This includes the 21st Century Video Accessibility Act (CVAA), the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), and Section 504 and Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act. Recently, however, the focus seems to be predominantly on the ADA, as several <a href=\"https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/learn\/popular-topics\/audio-description\/\">audio description lawsuits<\/a> have been filed against organizations failing to meet the requirements of this act.<\/p>\n<h2>Audio Description Under the Americans with Disabilities Act<\/h2>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ada.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Americans with Disabilities Act<\/a> (ADA)\u00a0guarantees equal opportunity for individuals with disabilities in employment, state and local government services, public accommodations, commercial facilities, and transportation. The ADA is made up of five categories called \u201cTitles\u201d that address each of these different areas.<\/p>\n<p>Signed into law in 1990, before the Internet became a crucial part of our daily lives, the ADA doesn\u2019t explicitly mention web accessibility. However, Title II and Title III of the ADA are known to most closely relate to web accessibility. Title II prohibits disability discrimination by all public entities at the local and state level, including schools, courts, police departments, public libraries, and public universities. Compliance is required regardless of whether or not these entities receive federal funding. Title III prohibits disability discrimination by \u201cplaces of public accommodation,\u201d which includes shared or public entities such as libraries, universities, hotels, museums, restaurants, retail stores, and transportation services that are privately owned.<\/p>\n<p>While the ADA doesn\u2019t name audio description as a requirement, it states that governmental organizations must ensure \u201ceffective communication\u201d with citizens, including providing the necessary assistive technology to do so. Additionally, the ADA calls for \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ada.gov\/reachingout\/t3regl2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>auxiliary aids<\/em><\/a>\u201d in communication to assist the disabled and allow equal access to goods and services that are provided to the public, thus requiring audio description be provided for visual content that would otherwise prohibit low vision or blind individuals from having equal access to the content.<\/p>\n<h2>American Council of the Blind v. Netflix<\/h2>\n<p>In an agreement\u00a0between Netflix and the American Council of the Blind (ACB), as well as the Massachusetts-based Bay State Council of the Blind (BSCB) and a blind individual, Netflix has added <a href=\"https:\/\/help.netflix.com\/en\/node\/25079\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">audio descriptions<\/a> to many of its programs. The <a href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2015\/04\/18\/400590705\/after-fan-pressure-netflix-makes-daredevil-accessible-to-the-blind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">settlement<\/a> required Netflix to provide audio descriptions for many popular titles in both its online streaming platform and disc rental service by December 31, 2016. You can browse movies and shows that currently have audio descriptions available by visiting <a href=\"http:\/\/netflix.com\/browse\/audio-description\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">netflix.com\/browse\/audio-description<\/a> from within your Netflix account.<\/p>\n<p>The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) requires broadcasters to provide audio descriptions. Netflix, an Internet-based service \u2013 not a broadcaster \u2013 didn\u2019t think they were required to provide audio descriptions. Under the FCC, they are not required to add description \u2013 however, the vague wording of the ADA leaves quite a bit of ambiguity regarding which accommodations are necessary, and for whom. The courts argue that Internet-only businesses should be considered \u201cplaces of public accommodation\u201d under <a href=\"http:\/\/www.adatitleiii.com\/2016\/04\/netflix-agrees-to-add-audio-description-to-many-of-its-shows-and-dvd-rentals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Title III of the ADA<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Being under fire of disability rights advocates is nothing new for Netflix. In 2010, a suit was brought <a href=\"https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/learn\/accessibility-lawsuits\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">against Netflix<\/a> by the National Association of the Deaf (NAD), for failing to provide closed captions on all of their streaming video. This was the first time the ADA had been interpreted to apply to online-only businesses, and online-only video content.<\/p>\n<p>In 2012 Netflix decided to settle with a legally binding consent decree with the NAD, resulting in 100% of Netflix\u2019s US-based On-demand Streaming Content being captioned or subtitled.<\/p>\n<p>When approached by disability rights advocates this time around, Netflix decided to work with them, coming to an agreement to make their on-demand content more accessible. This agreement adopted the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 Level AA as the accessibility standard.<\/p>\n<h2>Broadway\u2019s \u201cHamilton\u201d Sued for Failing to Provide Audio Description<\/h2>\n<p>Earlier this year, a blind individual contacted the box office of the Broadway show \u201cHamilton\u201d to inquire about audio description services for the Broadway musical. After being told that there were none available, he proceeded to file a <a href=\"http:\/\/variety.com\/2017\/legit\/news\/hamilton-lawsuit-broadway-accessbility-1201970837\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">class action lawsuit<\/a> against the producers of \u201cHamilton,\u201d as well as the owners of the theater where Broadway\u2019s smash hit is performed. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classaction.org\/blog\/hamilton-production-companies-hit-with-civil-rights-class-action-lawsuit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit<\/a>, Lasser v Nederlander Organization Inc et al., cites \u201csystemic civil rights violations\u201d against blind and low-vision theatergoers. It goes on to further explain that failure to provide this service directly violates Title III of the ADA, which prohibits disability discrimination by \u201c<em>places of public accommodation<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While this lawsuit brings to light failure to meet legal requirements, Broadway has taken several steps in recent years to improve accessibility through various programs. The Broadway League and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tdf.org\/nyc\/33\/TDFAccessibilityPrograms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Theatre Development Fund<\/a> (TDF) paired up to launch <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theatreaccess.nyc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Theater Access NYC<\/a>, a website for theatergoers to find performances with accessibility services. While some services are widely available, like wheelchair-friendly seats and captioning and sign language interpretation, other services, like audio description, are much more narrowly available.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHamilton\u201d is certainly not the only Broadway show lacking audio description, but with \u201cHamilton\u201d in the spotlight, this lawsuit will likely set precedent for others in the industry. Broadway producers typically have the best of intentions regarding accessibility \u2013 after all they want more people to be able to attend their show \u2013 but during the chaotic, busy months leading up to a show\u2019s opening, accessibility often gets put on the back burner. One explanation for why this happens is that producers are hesitant to spend the money on accommodations before they know how successful a show will be.<\/p>\n<h2>US Department of Justice v. University of California, Berkeley<\/h2>\n<p>As technology rapidly advances, the US Department of Justice\u2019s (DOJ) Civil Rights Division works diligently to ensure web accessibility for all people, regardless of disability. One way they\u2019re moving toward this goal is by following up on complaints submitted by citizens.<\/p>\n<p>In October, 2014, as part of this effort, the DOJ began investigating the free, public MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) system offered by UC Berkeley. Two years later, the DOJ submitted a letter to the administration at UC Berkeley, accusing the MOOCs of being inaccessible.<\/p>\n<p>Among other things, the letter cited a lack of audio description on video content. During the investigation, it was found that roughly half of the videos on UC Berkeley\u2019s YouTube channel failed to provide audio description or an equivalent format for visual information. The DOJ also reviewed almost 100 lectures from more than two dozen of the UC Berkeley courses available on iTunes. Similarly, they found that these videos had no audio description or alternative format for conveying the visual content.<\/p>\n<p>UC Berkeley has since decided to take down all of their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/local\/education\/why-uc-berkeley-is-restricting-access-to-thousands-of-online-lecture-videos\/2017\/03\/15\/074e382a-08c0-11e7-a15f-a58d4a988474_story.html?utm_term=.dae67916710e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">free online course content<\/a>, rather than make it accessible. They stated that in addition to this case, there were several other factors which led to their decision, including account usage statistics and concerns about protecting intellectual property.<\/p>\n<h2>AMC Theatres Sued for Failing to Provide Usable Audio Description<\/h2>\n<p>A San Francisco man who was consistently deprived of enjoying the movies with his family sued AMC Theatres for providing inadequate audio description services. Although AMC Theatres claims to have the assistive technology to make movies accessible for blind and low-vision guests, these guests are frequently given <a href=\"https:\/\/consumerist.com\/2016\/02\/18\/lawsuit-claims-amc-theatres-makes-it-hard-for-blind-people-to-enjoy-going-to-the-movies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">equipment that is broken<\/a>, drained of battery, or even equipment intended for Deaf users rather than blind users. He explained that if he gets the correct device at all, it\u2019s usually after AMC staff has gotten help from a manager, which takes additional time, and makes him late for the movie.<\/p>\n<p>Showing movies without audio description devices, which allow blind people to hear synchronized descriptions of visual elements, leaves those individuals without full access. Thus, audio description is \u201cessential for blind viewers to understand movies.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Despite providing entertainment to millions of individuals, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/business\/business-news\/amc-theatres-sued-discriminating-against-blind-n521756\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AMC Theatres<\/a> \u2013 which operates over 300 movie theaters across the country \u2013 fails to provide equal services to low vision and blind consumers by not providing appropriate and usable audio description technology.<\/p>\n<p>The lawsuit, Blanks, et al. v. AMC Entertainment Inc., et al., seeks a court declaration that AMC Theatres discriminates against blind and low vision movie patrons, an order that AMC Theatres ensures its equipment works properly, and attorney\u2019s fees and legal costs for violating the ADA. This San Francisco man, as well as other blind and low-vision customers, miss crucial aspects of the movie, making it very difficult \u2013 or impossible \u2013 to enjoy the movies with their families or friends.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">__<\/p>\n<p>Describing your content makes it accessible, but, it\u2019s also the law! Find out more about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/popular-topics\/audio-description\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">audio description<\/a>, and click below to get started.<\/p>\n<center><a href=\"https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/platform\/audio-description\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wp-editing=\"1\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/get-started-ad-2.png\" alt=\"Get Started CTA\" \/><\/a><\/center>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6c28011a wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0\">Filed under<\/p>\n\n\n<span class=\"wp-block-tribe-terms__empty-msg t-category\">No Tags<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-dda23514 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:0;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0\">About the author<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);\" class=\"wp-block-post-author\"><div class=\"wp-block-post-author__avatar\"><img alt='' src='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1439da97da9b43d5b48d58116be8bcd72d59d6b10e43e00298f39ab94f88eb5f?s=96&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g' srcset='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1439da97da9b43d5b48d58116be8bcd72d59d6b10e43e00298f39ab94f88eb5f?s=192&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-96 photo' height='96' width='96' \/><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-post-author__content\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-author__name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/blog\/author\/elisa\/\" target=\"_self\">Elisa Lewis<\/a><\/p><p class=\"wp-block-post-author__bio\">Elisa Lewis is a Senior Marketing Manager at 3Play Media, where she leads content and brand strategy. 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This includes the 21st Century Video Accessibility Act (CVAA), the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), and Section 504 and Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act. Recently, however, the focus seems to be predominantly on&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":12500,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[136,138],"tags":[],"industry":[],"resource_type":[92],"class_list":["post-15045","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-audio-description","category-legislation-compliance"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Audio Description Lawsuits \u2013 From Netflix to AMC Theaters<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Several audio description lawsuits have been filed against AMC Theatres, Netflix, and the musical, Hamilton.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/blog\/audio-description-lawsuits\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Audio Description Lawsuits: Netflix, Hamilton, UC Berkeley, and AMC Theatres\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Several audio description lawsuits have been filed against AMC Theatres, Netflix, and the musical, Hamilton.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/blog\/audio-description-lawsuits\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"3Play Media\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/3PlayMedia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-04-05T04:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-16T21:31:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/.\/03-31-2017-gavel-header-image.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"550\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Elisa Lewis\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@3playmedia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@3playmedia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Elisa Lewis\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/blog\/audio-description-lawsuits\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/blog\/audio-description-lawsuits\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Elisa Lewis\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/#\/schema\/person\/07aac1426e59f43a5aab406ee063ede8\"},\"headline\":\"Audio Description Lawsuits: Netflix, Hamilton, UC Berkeley, and AMC Theatres\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-04-05T04:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-09-16T21:31:41+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/blog\/audio-description-lawsuits\/\"},\"wordCount\":1437,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/blog\/audio-description-lawsuits\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.3playmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/.\/03-31-2017-gavel-header-image.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Audio Description\",\"Legislation &amp; 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